Using Automorphisms to Prove Intrinsic Chirality

Theorem. Any nonplanar graph which has no automorphisms of order two is intrinsically chiral [28J. 

Using this theorem we can prove that various molecular graphs are intrinsically chiral. We shall illustrate by proving that the graphs of a ferrocenophane derivative molecule [26] and the Simmons-Paquette molecule [29, 30] are both intrinsically chiral. (Note that Liang and Mislow observed the intrinsic chirality of this ferrocenophane derivative as well as many other molecules [21].) 

As these two examples illustrate, this theorem provides an easy method to prove that many graphs are intrinsically chiral. 

I wish to express my thanks to Kurt Mislow and Corinne Cerf who each read a preliminary version of this chapter and gave me valuable suggestions. 

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