Use of Vapor-Containing Buffers

As with gas mixtures (2.4.2), the effect depends not on the absolute number of ligands nug but on the difference between nug in high- and low- segments an adsorption so strong that nug is constant over E t) will change Eq little. For a simple two-state system. Equation 2.42 yields 

As expected, Aa depends on the difference of equilibrium constants that determine n-iig. In the opposite limit of high Nn (i.e., when clustering is saturated). Equation 3.68 converts to 

The effect of vapor also depends on its nature, and the utility of polar compounds such as water, acetone, or formic acid was known earlyMore polar molecules 

Some ion-vapor pairs were projected to form two kinds of complexes core where the ion binds the vapor molecule strongly (e.g., via H for reasonably protic species) and facade with essentially van der Waals bonding. Other ions and/or vapors that lack the functionality for strong binding form only facade complexes. This idea was illustrated for piperidine derivatives that often form H -bound dimers at the amine. For pentamethylpiperidine, steric hindrance precludes such core complexes and only facade ones are aUowed. In contrast, the hydroxyl 

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