US,NATIONAL RESEARCH

Keeling, C. D. and Bacastow, R. B. (1977). Impact of individual gases on climate. In "Energy and Climate," pp. 72-95. US National Research Council, Washington, DC. 

NRC (US National Research Council) (www.nationalacademies.org/nrc/) SOD (Sakatchewan Organic Directorate), (www.saskorganic.com)... 

A US National Research Council report states over 60,000 newborns annually might be at risk for adverse neurodevelopmental effects from in utero exposure to MeHg (methyl mercury) . This report clearly makes the point that many infants are exposed to mercury above levels considered safe. 

US National Research Council (NRC) - Toxicological Effects of Methylmercury. Online. Available HTTP (accessed 5 April 2003). 

The concept biorefinery is discussed in the US National Research Council Report Biobased Industrial Products [4] and by Lynd et al. [7] in much detail. The basic idea is the processing of multiple renewable resources and the production of multiple products in a production complex. Another characteristic of biorefinery is the integration of thermal, chemical, biological and/or cataly-tical processes for an efficient and optimal processing and utilization of the raw materials. Technological, ecological and economic analysis and system design should be implemented to ensure an overall optimization of raw material conversion and product formation in a similar way as for oil refineries. 

US National Research Council (2011). Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals. 8th edn. http //oacu.od.nih.gov/regs/guide/ guide.pdf. Accessed 14 Feb 2012... 

HARRY (Hap) Y. McSWEEN Jr. is Chancellor s Professor at the University of Tennessee. He has conducted research on cosmochemistry for more than three decades and was one of the original proponents of the hypothesis that some meteorites are from Mars. He has been a co-investigator for four NASA spacecraft missions and serves on numerous advisory committees for NASA and the US National Research Council. Dr. McSween has written or edited four books on meteorites and planetary science, and coauthored a textbook in geochemistry. He is a former president and Fellow of the Meteoritical Society, a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, recipient of the Leonard Medal, and has an asteroid named for him. 

US NRC (1983) Risk assessment in the federal government Managing the process. Committee on the Institutional Means for the Assessment of Risks to Public Health, Commission on Life Sciences. Washington, DC, US National Research Council, National Academy Press. 

DaVanzo J, Parnell AM, Foege WH. Health consequences of contraceptive use and reproductive patterns. Summary of a report from the US National Research Council. JAMA 1991 265(20) 2692-6. 

Jacobi Paretzke (1985) estimated that the uranium miners in Colorado accumulated an average exposure of 820 WLM in the years 1950-77. Using the factor 16 mSv per WLM, the average bronchial dose would have been 13 Sv, giving a 20% chance of cancer on the basis of the ICRP (1981) estimate. The BEIR IV report of the US National Research Council (1988) recorded 256 deaths from lung cancer among the Colorado miners. The total exposure was 73 600 person-years, and 58 deaths would have been expected if there were no carcinogenic effects. 

In the Se-deficient areas of China, Finland, and New Zealand, the Keshan disease occurs because of a low Se intake from local food. To correct soil Se deficiency in Finland, the government initiated a national program to amend agricultural soils with Se to elevate the Se content in agricultural products. As a result, the daily dietary Se intake of residents in Finland increased from approximately 30 ag (a low value as compared to the recommended US National Research Council value of 55 J,g) to 80 4g. Therefore, seleniferous soils considered as potentially Se-contaminated sites... 

US National Research Council (NRC) (2002) Oil in the Sea 111 Inputs, Fates, and Effects. Committee on Oil in the Sea Inputs, Fates, and Effects, National Research Council, 446p. 

NRC (1996) Understanding Risk Informing Decisions in a Democratic Society. Washington. DC US National Research Council, National Academy Press. 

Human health risk assessments with chemicals and other agents (biological, physical) typically follow a paradigm that involves four steps - hazard identification, dose-response assessment, exposure assessment, and risk characterization. The process was recommended by the US National Research Council in the 1980s, and is usually applied to a single agent and exposures associated with one or more routes (oral, dermal, inhalation). This has been more recently referred to as aggregate exposure and risk assessment. 

Figure 2 US National Research Council, new risk assessment/risk management paradigm. (Modified from NRC (2000) Scientific Frontiers in Developmental Toxicity and Risk Assessment. Washington, DC National Academy Press.)...

The conference was hosted and organized by the Institute of Transportation Studies at the University of California, Davis (ITS-Davis), under the auspices of the US National Research Council s Transportation Research Board - in particular, the standing committees on Energy and Alternative Fuels. 

An attempt to structure these activities was presented in 2012 [5] by proposing the approach as given in Fig. 1. These activities fit very well in the new approaches proposed for future strategies in toxicity testing as, e.g., proposed in the reports by the Dutch Health Council [1] and the US National Research Council [2], Steps forward on the proposed approaches were presented for a number of areas for which in vitro approaches were not available yet [54],... 

Schwartz, S., Masdangioli, T. and Boonyaratanakornkit, B.(rapporteurs) (2008) Bioinspired Chemistry for Energy A Workshop Summary to the Chemical Sciences Roundtable, US National Research Council (NRG), Washington DC. 

To assess the nutritional status of the Addis Ababa population, evaluation of the contribution of milk to daily dietary intakes is compared to the recommended dietary allowance set by US National Research Institute (Table 6). 

US National Research Council (2007) Sediment Dredging at Superfund Megasites, The National Academic Press, Washington, DC, USA. 

NRC (1988). Health Risks of Radon and other Internally Deposited Alpha-Emitters. US National Research Coundl Report BEIR IV, National Academy Press, Washington, DC. 

The alternative view, usually adopted by biologists and physicians is to consider the outcome in terms of a probability of the end effect, ie, the ill-health consequence, occurring as a result of the exposure. The exposure is considered in terms of amount of substance to which the organism is exposed, not in terms of how that amount came to be present. This view prevails in the work of the US National Research Council Committee... 

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