Urea, effect

A similar explanation is advanced to explain the urea effect namely the occurrence of increased partitioning of monomer between solution and substrate in the presence of additive. 

Baskakov, I., A. Wang, and D.W. Bolen (1998). Trimethylamine-N-oxide counteracts urea effects on rabbit muscle lactate dehydrogenase function A test of the counteraction hypothesis. Biophys. J. 74 2666-2673. 

Effect of Urea on the Distribution of 14C-Methyl-/ -Lactoglobulin or 14C-Methyl-/c-Casein in Heated Milk. Muir and Sweetsur (25) exploited the interesting observations by Robertson and Dixon (26) that the heat stability of milk proteins is related to the urea level of the milk, and that adding relatively small amounts of urea increased the heat stability of milk (27). To examine the urea effect further, we added urea to milk containing either M-/3-L or M-k-C and measured the ultracentrifugal distribution of C-14 after heat treatment. The experiments using... 

Ferguson, R. B., D. E. Kissel, J. K. Koelliker, and W. Basel. 1984. Ammonia volatilization from surface-applied urea Effects of hydrogen ion buffering capacity. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 48 578-582. 

Newman and Lola236 observed that, when 3-chloro-3-phenylphthalide (1) is allowed to react with methanol in the cold, the pseudo ester (2) produced on standing in the presence of the hydrogen chloride reacts rapidly by addition of methanol to the carbonyl group to give the normal methyl ester (3). They found that added urea effectively neutralizes the mineral acid and suppresses the reaction of (2) to give (3). This... 

The pathogenesis of the syndrome is unknown, but a number of hypothetical mechanisms have been proposed. The most popular is sometimes referred to as the reverse urea effect. Urea accumulates in the blood and in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with chronic renal failure. During dialysis, urea is cleared more rapidly from the blood than from the CSF as a result, an osmotic gradient is generated, with water retention leading to cerebral edema. 

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