Unusual oxidation states

The di- and triborolyl ligands tend to i -coordination in sandwichforming reactions. There is a clear-cut tendency for stacking processes followed by the formation of multidecker species and often stabilization of the unusual oxidation states of the transition metals. The route to the linked sandwich and multidecker complexes is attractive for materials chemistry. Thia- and azaborolyl organome-tallic chemistry follows the same trends, although in the azaborolyl complexes the i -rather than i -coordination is sometimes realized. Moreover, coordination via the boron atom is known. In the B, N, Si-heterocycles, the heteroring is j " -coordinated. 

Unusual oxidation states of some actinide and lanthanide elements. L. B. Asprey and B. B. Cunningham, Prog. Inorg. Chem., 1960, 2, 267-302 (245). 

Compounds of gold in unusual oxidation states. H. Schmidbaur andK. C. Dash, Adv. Inorg. Chem. Radiochem., 1982, 25,239-266(124). 

Dithiocarbamates of transition group elements in unusual oxidation states. J. Willemse, J. A. Cras, J. J, Steggerda and C. P. Keijzers, Struct. Bonding (Berlin), 1976, 28, 83-126 (195). 

The quantum chemistry of unusual oxidation states of the lanthanides and actinides. V. I. Spitsyn and G. V. Ionova, Russ. Chem. Rev. (Engl. Transl.), 1984, 53, 725 (138). 

Schmidbaur, H. and Dash, K.C. (1982) Compounds Of Gold In Unusual Oxidation-States. Advances in Inorganic Chemistry, 25, 239—266. 

Dithiocarbamates of Transition Group Elements in Unusual Oxidation States... 

Willemse, J., Cras, J.A., Steggerda, J.J., Keijzers, C.P. Dithiocarbamates of Transition Groups Elements in Unusual Oxidation State. Vol. 28, pp. 83-126... 

The solutions can also convert transition metals to unusual oxidation states. 

In the promotion of less-common oxidation states, much attention has been focused on the redox behaviour of transition metal ions such as nickel and copper although many other metal types have also had unusual oxidation states stabilized by macrocyclic ligands. However, within the limitations of a single chapter it is not possible to attempt a wide ranging... 

Asprey, L. B. and Cunningham, B. B., Unusual Oxidation States of Some Actinide and Lanthanide Elements. 2 267... 

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