Unshaped Refractories ramming

Initially, when unshaped refractories were first used, the property requirement was kept the same as for shaped refractories, in thatthey mainly replaced linings. Later on, when the use of these refractories became widespread, new standards had to be developed. The first standards on unshaped refractories by the American Society for Testing of Metals (ASTM) were published in 1943 [3]. They were numbered as C 179 and C 181 C 179 covered "drying and firing linear change of plastics and rammings" and C 181 dealt with "workability index of plastic refractories." As noted earlier. World War II saw an increase of about 35% in unshaped refractory production. Specifications were required to obtain the required items from many manufacturers. 

Various terms such as mixes, refractory mixes, ramming mixes, and monolithics are included in the definition of unshaped refractory products. These products are distinguished from bricks, which have a definite shape, are prefired, and are laid. Unshaped refractories are placed in larger sections. For example, a furnace lining consists of unshaped refractories. They have few joints. 

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