Underground mine pumps

Frasch method A method for removing sulfur from underground mines by pumping hot air and water down a set of pipes. 

The development plan included driving a dechne to the underground mine while the last of the open pit ore was mined. The decline development required establishment of key mine infrastructure including ventilation, ventilation cooling, mine water pumping, and mine services. 

Solid waste products from the milling operation are tailings. They comprise most of the original ore and contain most of the radioactivity in it. In particular, they contain all the radium present in the original ore. At an underground mine they may be first cycloned to separate the coarse fraction which is used for undergroimd fill. The balance is pumped as a slurry to a tailings dam, which may be a worked-out pit. 

Mining technicians use conveyors, drills, hand tools, pumps, pipes, valves, elevators, heavy equipment, and personal protective equipment. Exploration and development combine to form the preproduction stage of underground mining. During the exploration phase, newly... 

Mines There is not much choice of locations of mines because they must be placed exactly where the desired minerals are found. However, an evaluation of the geosphere at the location of a mine can be used to determine its construction. A major issue in designing a mine is the choice between an underground mine and an open pit. The type of mine construction depends strongly on the type and stability of the earthen material that must be excavated. Water infiltration from groundwater sources is a very important consideration and may require elaborate measures for pumping and drainage. Especially for coal mines, the potential for the infiltration of explosive methane must be known. Also important is the consideration of locations for the placement of mine spoils (wastes). 

Other sources of earthquakes are induced earthquakes, caused by reservoir impoundment, pumping into deep wells, fluid extraction, volcanic eruption, gas bursts, geysers, mining, underground nuclear blasts, depletion of oil and gas reservoirs, the collapse of underground mines and nuclear bomb testing. The hypocent-ers of these earthquakes are at a relatively shallow depth. 

Recovery Process. The Texas Gulf, Cane Creek potash operation (60) of Moab, Utah produces KCl by solution mining (61—64). Brine is pumped from underground to 1.6 x 10 (400 acres) of solar ponds where a mixture of KCl and NaCl is crystallized in a salt mass called sylvinite. 

An American Salt Company plant and the Dow Chemical Company s Midland plant also benefit directly from each other s presence. Dow found that after recovering bromine from brine it had more salt left than it desired. American Salt needed salt. By locating next to Dow s plant it was able to buy this salt stream for less than it would cost to mine it or pump it from natural underground reservoirs. In turn, Dow was able to sell an unwanted stream that it would otherwise have had to pump back into the ground. The American Salt plant is typical of many satellite plants. These are plants that either use a by-product or a waste stream from another plant or are built mainly to supply a needed chemical to an adjacent plant. The nearby presence of another plant determines their location. 

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