Typical Examples of Heterocyclic System Synthesis

Indole synthesis is of particular importance, since the indole nucleus is the essential part of many biologically active compounds (alkaloids derived from tryptophane, phalloidin, and so on). Moreover, indole chem- 

The intramolecular reaction of an aryl bromide with a double bond is an application of the oxidative addition—olefin insertion—jS-hydride elimination process developed by Heck. 

Moreover, this reaction seems to be particularly useful in the synthesis of ergot type molecules when applied to bromoindole. 

This reaction corresponds, in fact, to the application of the classical palladium catalyzed amination reaction of olefins. The above example is of particular interest as it offers a novel entry to bromoindole, a synthon of particular importance for ergot alkaloid and tryptophanes synthesis. 

Copper catalysis has also been used for cyclization reactions of aryl aminoenone systems leading to the indole nucleus [57,88]. 

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