Typhoid fever laboratory infection

Without one or more of the exposures listed above, the likelihood of a patient acquiring a VHP infection is remote. Even if a febrile patient has returned from an area where a VHP outbreak had occurred, the patient is much more likely to be suffering from another, more common disease, such as common respiratory viral infections, malaria or typhoid fever. Therefore, when considering VHP in such patients, clinicians should evaluate and treat patients for these more common causes while awaiting confirmatory laboratory tests for VHP (54). 

In developed countries the main source of typhoid fever is from travelers returning home having visited endemic areas and being exposed to infection. For travelers to endemic areas vaccines type Ty21a and Vi are recommended. The same applies to laboratory workers handling Salmonella enteric serotype and household members of typhoid carriers. 

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