Two Important Synthons for Ester Enolates

This is most easily accomplished using a Reformatskii reagent BrZnCFjCOjEt. 

Crossed Claisen reaction with PhCOOEt. Only the acetophenone can enolize. The equilibrium is shifted toward the dione because it is more easily enolized than either the SM or any other possible product. 

Crossed Claisen with HCOOEt, using NaH as base. 

3- Difunctional compounds are generally made by carbonyl compound condensation reactions. 

The aldol condensation uses aldehydes or ketones as substrates and yields p-hydroxycarbonyl compounds. 

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