Twining-Ward

It is widely recognised in the tourism literature that the phenomenon of tourism is built on interconnected elements that are variously represented in systems-type diagrams (Farrell Twining-Ward, 2004 Gunn, 1994a Leiper, 1979 Mathieson Wall, 1982 Mill Morrison, 1992 Murphy, 1985 Pearce, Moscardo Ross, 1996). The emphasis given to tourists and, implicitly, their behaviour in these global descriptive and summary models is quite varied. 

The dimensions portrayed in Figure 8.1 follow some of the earlier writing of Burrell and Morgan (1979) with select influences deriving from Becher (1989), Farrell and Twining-Ward (2004), Rojek and Urry (1997a) and Tribe (2004). 

Farrell, B. and Twining-Ward, L. (2004) Reconceptualising tourism. Annals of Tourism Research 31 (2), 274—295. 

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