Tungsten modeling

The above surface model is quite as useful in its way as the clean tungsten model. Most of the phenomena occurring at the dirty surface of a semiconductor in a gas, a liquid dielectric, or an electrolyte can be understood in terms of this model. The semiconductor must come to equilibrium with its surface. A charge layer on the surface and an equal and opposite space charge layer in the semiconductor is the result. The surface can be changed all the way from very p-typa to very n-type, depending on the particular surface chemistry involved regardless of whether the interior is n or p type. 

Electron Transfer Mechanisms in Molybdenum and Tungsten Model Compounds... 

M. J. Byrnes and M. H. Chisholm, Thienyl carboxylate Ugands bound to M2 quadruple bonds involving molybdenum and tungsten. Models for dimetaUated polythiophenes, Chem. Common., 2040-2041 (2002). 

Vahle, A., Hiibener, S., Funke, H., Eichler, B., lost, D.T., Tiirler, A., Briichle, W., Jager, E. Gas chromatographic smdies of oxide and hydroxide species of tungsten—model experiments with respect to the physico-chemical characterization of seaborgium (element 106). Radiochim. Acta 84, 43-51 (1999)... 

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