Tubular configuration, principle

The interconnect normally links the anode of one cell to the cathode of the next. It must, of course, be an electronic conductor and also a gas barrier preventing the direct meeting of fuel and oxidant gases. Fig. 4.27 illustrates how the interconnection is achieved in the case of the so-called planar fuel cell stack. In the later discussion of the ceramics-based cells a tubular configuration is described, but the principles are the same. 

In Eig. 2.12, the principle of compression sealing of membranes with a tubular configuration is depicted. The membrane tube is mounted in a metal end-cap and the space in between end-cap and membrane filled by the sealing material. Compressive forces are obtained upon increasing the temperature and the magnitude of these forces can be tuned by proper selection of the metal type and sealing material, based... 

Fig. 1 Principles of the most outstanding SCWO reactor configurations a) tubular reactor developed at the university of Austin, Texas / /, commercialized by EWT, operated in Huntsville,Texas 111, capacity 5 gpm b) vessel reactor, MODAR Inc., Massachusetts /3/ c) transpiring wall reactor, Summit Research Corp., Santa Fe, New Mexico /4/ filmcooled coaxial hydrothermal burner developed at the ETH Zurich, Switzerland 15/...

Reactor configurations involved in continuous emulsion polymerization include stirred tank reactors, tubular reactors, pulsed packed reactors, Couett-Taylor vortex flow reactors, and a variety of combinations of these reactors. Some important operational techniques developed for continuous emulsion polymerization are the prereactor concept, start-up strategy, split feed method, and so on. The fundamental principles behind the continuous emulsion polymerizations carried out in the basic stirred tank reactor and tubular reactor, which serve as the building blocks for the reaction systems of commercial importance, are the major focus of this chapter. 

After this chapter. Part 11 is dedicated to zeolite, ceramic and carbon membranes and catalysts used in membrane reactors. In Chapter 6 (Algieri, Comite and Capannelli) the remarkable properties of zeolite membranes are illustrated. Moreover, the key role of zeolite membrane reactors to improve the yield and the selectivity of reactions is particularly emphasised. Furthermore, the possibility of using zeolite membranes as micro-reactors and sensors is also discussed. Chapter 7 (Tan and Li) deals with dense ceramic membrane reactors, which are made from composite oxides usually having perovskite or fluorite structures with appreciable mixed ionic (oxygen ion and/or proton) and electronic conductivity. This chapter mainly describes the principles of various configurations (disc/flat-sheet, tubular and hollow fibre membranes) of dense ceramic membrane reactors and the... 

---