Trophic position estimating

Table 3.2 shows the 5 Cu and 5 Cc values of herbivores, omnivores, carnivores and humans. The (climate-corrected) trophic level effect between herbivores and carnivores is 0.90%o. Human values are closer to carnivore and omnivore values than to herbivore 5 Cc values. The human 5 Cc values are on average 0.66%o more positive than the herbivore 5 Cc values, a good estimate for a carnivore effect in humans (see section on trophic level effects, below). The average human 5 Cc value is -19.92 1.28%o,which would indicate that Holocene humans in Europe had a diet that consisted of C3 terrestrial foods, whieh is as might be expected. By looking at the humans separate from the total bone data set, we notice potential human food selection (Fig. 3.3) we can see a non-climatic pattern, which is much less uniform than in the total bone data set (Fig. 3.2b). Italy (6 Cc = -21.3%o) has a much more negative 8 Cc value than the Czech Republic (8 Cc =-18.7%o), Spain (8 Cc = -19.3%o) and Greece (-18.9%o but the 8 N of 9.0%odoes not indicate marine food), while the northern European coimtries are closer to a 5 Cc value of-20%o. What the actual causes are for this pattern in the human samples is not clear to better understand these variations it is best to consider, where possible, the 8 N values with the 8 Cc values. 

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