Trivial acyclic hydrocarbons

Alkanes. The saturated open-chain (acyclic) hydrocarbons (C H2 +2) have names ending in -ane. The first four members have the trivial names methane (CH4), ethane (CH3CH3 or C2H5), propane (C3H8), and butane (C4Hjo). For the remainder of the alkanes, the first portion of the name... 

Trivial names for four unsubstituted acyclic hydrocarbon terpene radicals were sanctioned as permissible and exceptions to IUPAC Rule 55.1 by the Commission on Organic Chemistry at its meeting in Amsterdam in 1949 (30). These are ... 

Multivalent substituent groups of acyclic hydrocarbons are designated by attaching the suffixes. ..idene and. ..idyne to the name of the corresponding monovalent group insofar as the free valences are at the same C atom. Multiple occurrence of such structural elements is taken into account with suitable multiplicative infixes. Methylene, =CH2 or -CH2-, is retained as trivial name the group =CH- is sometimes still called methine or methyne. 

Aliphatic framework molecules most common in organic acids include alkanes (saturated hydrocarbons) and alkenes (unsaturated hydrocarbons). These saturated and unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acids may be acyclic (straight or branched chains) or alicyclic (aliphatic rings). Acyclic aliphatic monocarboxylic acids are also referred to as fatty acids (Table 1). The first five saturated acids (formic to valeric) of this type are sometimes referred to as short-chain, low-molecular-weight, or volatile fatty acids. Although a nomenclature for these acids has been established by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (lUPAC), the convention of using the trivial names for the first five saturated acids has remained. Similarly, trivial names are used for the aliphatic dicarboxylic acids (Table 2) that are saturated with two to four carbon atoms (C2-C4) and unsaturated with four carbon atoms (C4). Alicyclic carboxylic acids contain one or more saturated or partially unsaturated rings. These acids most commonly occur... 

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