Triple-quadrupole theory

At increasing salt concentrations the conductance of all solutions investigated shows the emergence of other equilibria involving the ions and ion-pairs triple ions, quadrupoles. .. become stable species. Althought one expects from chemical relaxation theory the appearance of more relaxation processes, experimentally only one relaxation process, whatever the concentration of salt, is observed. This odd behavior is intimately related to the nature of equlllbriun perturbation and observation of the response in the field modulation method. 

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