Trapping of hydrogen

I3R. A. Oriani, The Diffusion and Trapping of Hydrogen in Steel, Acta Metall, 18, 147-157 (1970). 

R. Kirchheim, Solubility, diffusivity and trapping of hydrogen in dilute alloys, deformed and amorphous metals-II, Acta Metallurgica, 30(6) (1982) 1069-1078. 

An alternate approach was the study of hydrogen chemical reaction with fuller-enes producing strong chemical bonds. There were some works on interstitial solution of molecular hydrogen in fullerenes (e.g., Assink et al. 1992), but the main efforts were made to their chemical modification. There have been proposed several hydrogenation reactions where fullerenes C60 or C70 acted as traps of hydrogen (discussed in many reviews, e.g., Taylor and Walton 1993 Hirsch 1994 Goldshleger and Moravskii 1997). 

Fig. 4. Hydrogen atomic beam apparatus and scheme for laser cooling and magnetic trapping of hydrogen atoms.

Experimental and theoretical studies on H diffusion in silicon at lower temperatures, where trapping of hydrogen at defects and impurities and H2-molecule formation are significant, discovered much lower effective diffiisivities. Values for the H-diffiision coefficient in silicon expected from an extrapolation of the diffusion coefficient of (11.1) to lower temperatures are several orders of magnitude higher than experimentally obtained diffiisivities. This is illustrated in Fig. 11.2, which shows (11.1) and (11.2) extrapolated to low temperatures with experimentally determined values from Johnson et al. (1986). 

Ven] Veniali, F., Szklarska-Smialowska, Z., A Study of the Diffusion and Trapping of Hydrogen in Fe-3Cr and Fe-5Cr Alloys , Mater. Chem. Phys., 15(6), 545-557 (1986) (Experimental, Interface Phenomena, Kinetics, 19)... 

Many more nuclear reactions, which might better apply for other accelerators, are feasible. The irradiated targets have to be processed in order to obtain pure radioiodine isotopes in a solution with high activity concentrations. In case of tellurium-oxide targets, this is generally achieved by dry distillation and trapping of hydrogen iodide in 0.02 M NaOH. 

Vliegen, E., Hogan, S.D., Schmutz, H., andMerkfiF. Stark deceleration and trapping of hydrogen Rydberg atoms, Phys. Rev. A, 76,023405, 2007. 

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