Transition elements magnetism

For the first row of transition elements magnetic moment must be calculated using simple spin only... 

An additional problem a moveable muon might create is that its diflfusional path may lead to a lattice defect (most important are impurities and vacancies). Once reached, the muon is likely to be trapped and the pSR signal no longer relates to the bulk properties of the magnet. In rare-earth and actinide materials this is less of a problem than in transition element magnets where Tm tends to be high. 

All d" configurations with T ground terms give rise to magnetic moments which are lower for second- and third-row than for first-row transition elements and are temperature dependent, but in no case so dramatically as for low-spin d". ... 

Predicted Magnetic Moments of Complexes Containing Transition Elements... 

Table II. Observed Magnetic Moments of Atoms of Transition Elements in Crystals1).

The magnetic criterion is particularly valuable because it provides a basis for differentiating sharply between essentially ionic and essentially electron-pair bonds Experimental data have as yet been obtained for only a few of the interesting compounds, but these indicate that oxides and fluorides of most metals are ionic. Electron-pair bonds are formed by most of the transition elements with sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus, arsenic and antimony, as in the sulfide minerals (pyrite, molybdenite, skutterudite, etc.). The halogens other than fluorine form electron-pair bonds with metals of the palladium and platinum groups and sometimes, but not always, with iron-group metals. 

The values for the atomic saturation magnetization at the absolute zero, ferromagnetic metals iron, cobalt, and nickel are 2.22, 1.71, and 0.61 Bohr magnetons per atom, respectively.9 These numbers are the average numbers of unpaired electron spins in the metals (the approximation of the g factor to 2 found in gyromagnetic experiments shows that the orbital moment is nearly completely quenched, as in complex ions containing the transition elements). 

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