Transient state imaging

Figure 10. Kleitz s reaction pathway model for solid-state gas-diffusion electrodes. Traditionally, losses in reversible work at an electrochemical interface can be described as a series of contiguous drops in electrical state along a current pathway, for example. A—E—B. However, if charge transfer at point E is limited by the availability of a neutral electroactive intermediate (in this case ad (b) sorbed oxygen at the interface), a thermodynamic (Nernstian) step in electrical state [d/j) develops, related to the displacement in concentration of that intermediate from equilibrium. In this way it is possible for irreversibilities along a current-independent pathway (in this case formation and transport of electroactive oxygen) to manifest themselves as electrical resistance. This type of chemical valve , as Kleitz calls it, may also involve a significant reservoir of intermediates that appears as a capacitance in transient measurements such as impedance. Portions of this image are adapted from ref 46. (Adapted with permission from ref 46. Copyright 1993 Rise National Laboratory, Denmark.)...

Petroff and Lang (1977) combined DLTS with scanning electron microscopy in a method that allows spatial imaging of deep states in the plane of a junction. The scanned electron beam is pulsed on and off and the resulting thermally stimulated current or capacitance transient is analyzed using the usual DLTS methods. 

Ovbiagele B, Kidwell CS, Saver JL (2003) Epidemiological impact in the United States of a tissue-based definition of transient ischemic attack. Stroke 34 919-924 Phillips MD, McGraw P, Lowe MJ, Mathews VP, Hainline BE (2001) Diffusion-weighted imaging of white matter abnormalities in patients with phenylketonuria. Am J Neurora-diol 22 1583-1586... 

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