Toxoplasmosis immunocompetent

Outbreaks of toxoplasmosis are rarely seen since most infected immunocompetent individuals show few or no symptoms. However, 20 toxoplasmosis outbreaks were well described and discussed by Smith in 1993. Of them, 5 were associated with the ingestion of raw goat milk, 11 were associated with the ingestion of raw meat, and 1 was associated with the ingestion of creek water (Smith, 1993). 

Neves, E. S., Bicudo, L. N., Al Curi, E., Carregal, E., Bueno, W. F., Ferreira, R. G., Amendoeira, M. R., Benchimol, E., and Fernandes, O. (2009). Acute toxoplasmosis clinical-laboratorial aspects and ophthalmologic evaluation in a cohort of immunocompetent patients. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 104, 393-396. 

The role of spiramycin in the treatment of HIV-associated cryptosporidiosis remains inconclusive and controversial [335, 336]. The drug did hasten clinical recovery and decrease the duration of oocyst excretion in immunocompetent children with cryptosporidial diarrhea [337]. Spiramycin is also used effectively with or without pyrimethamine-sulfadiazine for the treatment of fetal toxoplasmosis [338, 339]. 

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