Toxins sources

Toxin Source Structure Substrate Effect on cells Disease... 

Toxicity in deep water scallops throughout the year has been recognized for many years (44, 46, 47). More importantly, the levels of toxicity in the scallop digestive gland were shown to increase dramatically (sometimes by a factor of 2 or 4) during winter months when tamarensis motile cell populations were low or undetectable. Bourne ( ) postulated that cysts were the toxin source, an opinion also favored by Jamieson and Chandler (47) in a more recent study. It has since been confirmed that G. tamarensis cysts are indeed toxic, and this has led to a proliferation of explanations for toxicity episodes based on cyst ingestion. 

Toxin Source Polypeptides" Inhibition Mechanism of Protein Synthesis ... 

Table 4-E BW Agents, Scientific Names or Toxin Source and Type 4-20...

Kardinaal, W.E.A. and Visser, P.M., Dynamics of cyanohacterial toxins sources of variability in microcystin concentrations, in Harmful Cyanobacteria, Huisman, J. et al., Eds., Springer, Berlin, 2005, 41. 

All brevetoxins can be detected by immunological techniques, including RIA as well as immunofluores-cent tests and immunoabsorbant assays. The specific binding of brevetoxins and ciguatoxins at a particular site of the voltage-dependent sodium channel can be exploited and these receptors can be used in simple and effective receptor-based assays very much like antibody tests. The receptor assay works in membrane preparations, in microtiter plates, and in solubilized form, and can be done with tissue extracts or biological fluids as toxin source. The system should be also approachable by affinity techniques,... 

FIGURE 27.5 Biosynthesis of the ricin toxin. Source Rlustration taken from EHSO (2014). 

---