Total phosphate reserve

This program formulation will tend to be dosed continuously to achieve a total phosphate reserve in the recirculating cooling water based on calcium hardness (as ppm CaCC>3), as shown here. 

If significant phosphate is present, it is possible that a stabilized phosphate program has been used and the O-P ratios have not been maintained correctly, or the total phosphate reserve has been too high (check the makeup for phosphate content), or the reserve phosphate specific dispersant has been maintained at too low a level in relation to the calcium hardness. 

At the present rate of world phosphate rock consumption (150 x 10 t/yr), the total world reserve (Table 14) is sufficient for about 200 years, and the resource would be sufficient for nearly 900 years. At expected increased rates of consumption, the reserves and resources are adequate for at least 150 years and 700 years, respectively. At projected rates of consumption, the high grade reserves in Florida probably will be exhausted by the year 2000. Rock production from the Florida reserve presentiy constitutes about 80% of all United States production and about one-third of world production (106). This rate of depletion is causing increased interest in western United States reserves which represent nearly 80% of present U.S. total reserves. 

Phytic acid (myo-inositol hexaphosphate) has been clearly established as a major phosphate reserve in many seeds, containing more than 50% of the total stored... 

Six compounds have vitamin Bg activity (Figure 45-12) pyridoxine, pyridoxal, pyridoxamine, and their b -phosphates. The active coenzyme is pyridoxal 5 -phos-phate. Approximately 80% of the body s total vitamin Bg is present as pyridoxal phosphate in muscle, mostly associated with glycogen phosphorylase. This is not available in Bg deficiency but is released in starvation, when glycogen reserves become depleted, and is then available, especially in liver and kidney, to meet increased requirement for gluconeogenesis from amino acids. 

With most hard waters, the typical 0 P ratio is 2 1, whereas with lower hardness waters it is 3 1. Also typically, the total unfiltered O-PO4 reserve is on the order of 10 to 15 ppm. If the filtered O-PO4 is significantly different from this, it may be that the phosphate has complexed or precipitated. This usually signifies that more stabilizing polymer is required. If the cooling water is milky-white, this tends to indicate that the Ca/P04 polymer ratios are out of balance. 

Some 80% of the body s total vitamin Be is as pyridoxal phosphate in muscle, and some 80% of this is associated with glycogen phosphorylase. This does not seem to function as a reserve of the vitamin and is not released from the muscle in deficiency. 

Activity of hexokinase, the enzyme which makes glucose-6-phosphate available for either the glycolytic or pentose phosphate pathway, rises as the total metabolic activity of the cotyledons rises, then falls as the reserves are depleted. 

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