Total Cost-of-Illness

Consequently, there is no golden standard of calculating indirect Costs-of-Illness. The estimates based on different methodologies might differ significantly, and so will the total Costs-of-Illness of HIV/AIDS. It is possible to analyze the quality of studies whether all components (such as indirect costs of caring relatives etc.) have been included. Whether the methodology applied is best cannot always be determined. 

The total cost of illness includes direct and indirect costs. This has been calculated as ranging from US 30 billion to 45 billion annually in the USA in the period 1990-93 (Greenberg et al, 1993 Wyatt and Renter, 1995 Rice and Miller, 1995). The total loss... 

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