Topography change

In another technique know n as X-ray transmission asymmetric crystal topography, changes in defect structure during polymerization of single crystals have been studied. 

A related technique is the multiple scratch method. A parallel set of scratches is made on a flat solid surface. When annealed at a temperature close to the melting point, the surface topography changes to a smooth sinusoidal profile. This is driven by the surface stress. The rate of the decay from the original sawtooth to the sinusoidal profile is measured, and the surface stress can be... 

After an exposure of 20 L the surface topography changes in certain areas. Figure 4.18e shows such a location of the sample the circle marks the same area as the circle in Fig. 4.18d. Two different features were observed first, a large number of disc-like islands second, occasionally ramp-shaped features. The disclike islands have a diameter of 35 A and a height of about 3 A (see Fig. 4.19a). The patterned area appears to be rough compared to the smooth Gd or H/Gd surface on each terrace and is induced by the surface modification which will be... 

M. Dalby, S. Childs, M. Riehle, H. Johnstone, S. Affrossman, A. Curtis, Fibroblast reaction to island topography changes in cytoskel-eton and morphology with time. Biomaterials 24 (2003) 927-935. 

Jakubowicz J, Jungblut H, Lewerenz HJ (2003) Initial surface topography changes during divalent dissolution of silicon electrodes. Electrochim Acta 49 137-146 Jakubowicz J, Smardz K, Smardz L (2007) Characterization of porous sihcon prepared by powder technology. Physica E 38 139-143... 

Solid adherends may have surface characteristics that would prevent the formation of a strong and durable joint. For this reason, surface treatments have been developed these alter the surface region in one or more of the following ways modify physical structure, change surface topography, change the chemical nature of surface, or remove a weak boundary layer. 

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