Topographic view

Fig. 12 AFM images of a hybrid inorganic-organic xerogel formed via cothermolytic TMP methods using Zr[0Si(0 Bu)3]4 and (EtO)3SiCH2Si(OEt)3. The left image shows a topographical view while that on the right is a top view...

Fig. 2.7 The topographic view of a photobleached waveguide using atomic force microscopy (a), and the height profile along three scan lines (b). Reprinted from Ref. 15 with permission. 2008 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers...

Stillinger, F.H. 1995. A topographic view of supercooled liquids and glass formation. Science 267, 1935-1939. 

Figure 6.25 Topographic views of the surface of (a) Nicalon and (b) Hi-Nicalon fiber (courtesy of N. Chawla). Note the nodular surface in both cases.

Fig. 6. Schematic illustration of an energy landscape for a many-particle system. The horizontal direction represents all configurational coordinates. (Reprinted with permission from E H. Stillinger. A topographic view of supercooled liquids and glass formation. Science 1995 267 1935. Copyright 1995, American Association for the Advancement of Science.)...

Figure 5. Photograph (a) and topographic view (b) of the section of Nd-YAG laser processed FGMs.

Figure 8.4 (a) SEM image of a layer of nanofibers with spacer particles on a layer of conventional media. (6) Topographic view of spacer particles in the nanofiber layer. Reproduced with permission from Kalayci et al. (2006). Copyright 2006. The Filtration Society, (c) The change in FoM and efficiency as a function of nanofiber content. Redrawn from Kalayci et al. (2006). Filled symbols denote FoM and open symbols the efficiency. In each set, the mat with glass spheres show the higher values. 

Ibrahim et al. 1963). Aiken and Braitman (1989) determined that cyanide has a direct effect on neurons not mediated by its inhibition of metabolism. Consistent with the view that cyanide toxicity is due to the inability of tissue to utilize oxygen is a report that in cyanide-intoxicated rats, arterial p02 levels rose, while carbon dioxide levels fell (Brierley et al. 1976). The authors suggested that the low levels of carbon dioxide may have led to vasoconstriction and reduction in brain blood flow therefore, brain damage may have been due to both histotoxic and anoxic effects. Partial remyelination after cessation of exposure has been reported, but it is apparent that this process, unlike that in the peripheral nervous system, is slow and incomplete (Hirano et al. 1968). The topographic selectivity of cyanide-induced encephalopathy may be related to the depth of acute intoxication and distribution of blood flow, which may result in selected regions of vascular insufficiency (Levine 1969). 

Fig. 7.7. Topographical model of the active site of pig liver esterase as proposed by Jones and co-workers [70] [71]. The model postulates two hydrophobic sites, one large (HL) and one small (Hs), and two polar binding sites, one in the front (PF) and one in the back (PB). The serine sphere shows the approximate zone of action of the catalytic OH group, a) A view from the top with the dimensions in A the sites HL, Hs, and PF are at ground level and have an elevation of 3.1 A, 2.3 A, and 1.6 A, respectively, while PB is located 1.5 A above ground level and has an elevation of 0.8 A. b) A computer-generated perspective view with dimethyl phenylmalonate positioned to have its pro-S ester group close to the catalytic site [72a].

On development, the grains of the L4 emulsion swell to about 0.25 /un. However, the granularity observed on the topograph when viewed under the microscope is not a result of the grain of the film but is statistical shot noise , arising from the statistical variation in the number of developed grains per unit area. This... 

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