2- Toluidine electrophoresis

The dinitrophenylhydrazones of the fission products of sugars are detectable with sodium hydroxide.160 Also, a wide variety of sugars and their acetates, and uronic acid lactones may be detected with sodium hydroxide followed by heating,161 Sensitivity is poor, however. After paper electrophoresis, chondroitinsulfate may be distinguished from proteins by means of Toluidine Blue.162... 

Figure 2.11 Electrophoresis of PolyPs with average chain lengths of (a) 15, (b) 25, (c)45 (Sigma) and (d) 188 (Monsanto) phosphate residues in 20 % polyacrylamide gel (PAAG) with 7 M urea staining was achieved by using toluidine blue (Pestov et al., 2003).

Figure 4. Anticoagulant activity of individual heparin chains of beef-lung heparin. Chains were separated by electrophoresis of Upjohn beef-lung heparin Lot 517-042 with LKB carrier ampholine batch 18. The apparent molecular weights were obtained from electrophoresis in acrylamide by the technique of Hilborn and Anastassiadis (10). The anticoagulant activity was determined by the USP procedure comparing the individual fraction with the original heparin. The quantity was estimated by optical density of toluidine blue-stained band on gel. (2)...

PolyP was visualized on the native 7.5% or 10% polyacrylamide Ready Gels from Bio-Rad (Helcules, CA, USA). Electrophoresis was performed at 100 V for 1—1.5 h. Gels were incubated for 1 h. in fixative solution consisting of 25% methanol / 5% glycerol, stained for 30 min with 0.05% -o-toluidine blue and destained in a fixative for 2 hours. To eliminate polyP, the samples were treated with 2 pg/ml exopolyphosphatase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae scPPXl. 

Fig. 18.2. Enzyme patterns of some strawberry species Fragaria sp.) and Fragaria ananas) obtained by PAGE disc gel electrophoresis. Large pore concentrating gel pH 6.7, small pore separating gel, pH 8.9. 1 Peroxidase incubation with o-toluidine/H202 at pH 7. 2 Esterase incubation with a-naphthylacetate at pH 7, the released a-naphthol is diazotized and then coupled with p-chloroaniline. 3 Malate-dehydrogenase incubation with malate, nitro-blue-tetrazolium chloride and NAD at pH 7.5. (according to Drawert et al 1974)...

Volpi, N. Maccari, F. Detection of submicrogram quantities of glycosaminoglycans on agarose gels by sequential staining with toluidine blue and Stains-All. Electrophoresis 2002, 23, 4060-4066. 

---