Tiro, Hasan

Tiro,] Hasan Muhammad 1958. Demokrasi Untuk Indonesia [Democracy for Indonesia]. Np. Penerbit Seulawah. 

Tiro Tjoet, in Penjoebeh 5/6 (March/April 1941). It is possible that this pseudonym, little Tiro , represents the then teenager who would later call himself Hasan Tiro (see below). 

Hasan Tiro has created confusion about his age by sticking to a statement in his The Price of Freedom, p. 5, asserting that his declaration of Aceh independence on 4 December 1976 occurred on his fortieth birthday. His close comrades quietly acknowledged the 1925 date which I am using. Isa Sulaiman (2006 126), however, put his birth date at 1923. 

Hasan Tiro was well placed to convey to the Republican leadership his view of Aceh s past and present. When the Republican vice-premier, Sjafruddin Prawinegara, moved to the Aceh capital in August 1948 to ensure the Republic had a safe base should negotiations go badly, Hasan Tiro went with him as an assistant. The young man had a hand in persuading Sjafruddin to a view sympathetic to PUSA both on the position of the imprisoned uleebalang and on the need for Aceh autonomy. He issued a decree on 17 December 1949 constituting Aceh a separate Republican Province, contrary to the tidy three-way partition of Sumatra in earlier documents. Once this conflict was over Hasan Tiro went, with Sjafruddin s help, to New York to pursue his studies and help out at Indonesia s United Nations (UN) mission (Sulaiman 1997 328). 

Aceh as distinct destiny Daud Beureu eh and Hasan Tiro... 

Universitas Syiah Kuala, or Unsyiah. Daud Beureu eh, supported by Hasan Tiro who returned briefly in 1959, continued to insist on the minimum concession of a federal state for Aceh, but many of his supporters accepted these lesser concessions from the government. With his movement badly divided, the veteran leader himself came down from the hills in 1962 and conceded that the struggle was over (Sulaiman 1997 455-6 2006 133). 

Naturally the ailing Daud Beureu eh was one of those the younger group of visitors met in the 1970s, and he reportedly passed his mandate for leadership of resistance to Hasan Tiro (interviews 2005 Nessen... 

The Price of Freedom the Unfinished Diary of Tengku Hasan di Tiro, President, National Liberation Front of Acheh Sumatra [stencilled]. 

Tiro, Tengku Hasan M. di 1979. The Drama of Achehnese History 1873-1978. A Play in VIII Acts. State of Acheh Ministry of Education [stencilled]. 

---