TIPPV positive pressure ventilation

Abbreviations NIPPV, noninvasive positive pressure ventilation TIPPV, tracheotomy invasive positive pressure ventilation RT, respiratory thaapist PT, physiotherapist MD, medical doctor. 

In contrast to some countries, the polio epidemics of the 1950s did not trigger the initiation of long-term ventilation (LTV) in Japan (1). The first patient to receive LTV at home was in Tokyo in 1975, when an adult with neuromuscular disease (NMD) received tracheal invasive positive pressure ventilation (TIPPV) (2). Despite the introduction of public assistance for costs associated with home mechanical ventilation (HMV), fewer than 200 patients were receiving HMV between 1990 and 1993 (Fig. 1) (2). 

Figure 1 Transition of the number of patients with HMV. Abbreviations HMV, home mechanical ventilation NPPV, nasal positive pressure ventilation TIPPV, tracheal invasive positive pressure ventilation.

Abbreviations. TIPPV, tracheal invasive positive pressure ventilation NIPPV, noninvasive positive pressure ventilation ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis NMD, neuromuscular diseases LTV, long-term ventilation. 

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