Time dilation

Now 2 observers are placed on the x-axis of IS at positions Xi and X2- Without loss of generality we may always assume Xi = 0. We define the two events 

El and E2 by the passing of the IS -clock at the two observers at positions X and X2, which are at rest in IS. We thus have to consider the two events 

For an observer in IS the time difference between these two events is trivially given by 

---

The equation says that a time interval measured in the rest system is always longer than the corresponding time interval observed in a system in which the particle is not at rest. This is an example of time dilation. 

Now we consider the possibility that the target is moving relative to the radar. The scattered waveform is modified by the Doppler effect. If this is done correctly it results in a time dilation of the return signal, so that, if the target has a radial velocity v, the return signal su(t) becomes... 

In Chapter 4 we discussed how Ayahuasca users often felt that they were freed from time. Past, present, and future lose their significance. In Chapter 2 we discussed how certain languages may shape or reflect different cultures notions of time. Your psychological perception of time is, of course, affected by such things as medications, time of day, your level of happiness, external stimuli, and even the temperature. Hypnosis can also cause time dilation, as can cannabis and LSD. Additionally, heat appears to speed up the activity of a chemical timepiece in the brain. For example, fever can severely speed your perception of time, perhaps partly because it speeds chemical processes. Opium is notorious for its effect on time perception. The English writer Thomas De Quincey reported... 

One application of these equations in nuclear chemistry involves the decay of rapidly moving particles. The muon, a heavy electron, has a lifetime, t, at rest, of 2.2 p,s. When the particle has a kinetic energy of 100 GeV (as found in cosmic rays), we observe a lifetime of yT or about 103t. (This phenomenon is called time dilation and explains why such muons can reach the surface of Earth.)... 

Define or describe the following phenomena electron capture, exchange forces, time dilation. 

One way to understand special relativity is to see how time dilation and Lorentz contraction of objects parallel to motion can be used to explain the null results of the Michelson-Morley [1] experiment, which was performed to measure the velocity of earth in relation to an assumed ether. The result was that the expected influence of such an ether on the velocity of light was not found. Let us now study this double-pass example, where one arm of a Michelson interferometer was perpendicular to the velocity of the earth s surface, while the other... 

Thus the Doppler shift is the difference between the Doppler-shifted wavelength (k) and the original wavelength (A0) divided by Aq- The numerator is the classical Doppler redshift from a moving light source, while the denominator represents the red-shift caused by the relativistic time dilation resulting from the total velocity, which is independent of the direction of motion. 

The time dilation, which is found to be a special case of more general apparent speeding up and slowing down of time... 

For a polemic against the common but convenient practice of referring to relativistic mass versus rest mass see Okun L (1989) Phys Today June 1989 30. Relativistic effects like mass increase and time decrease (time dilation) at a velocity v are given by what we may call the Einstein factor , V(l-v2/c2), where c is the velocity of light. The inner electrons of a heavy atom can move at about 0.3c, so here the mass increase is l/V(l-v2/c2) = l/V(l-0.32) = 1/ 0.95 = 1.05 or 5 percent. Small but significant... 

Relative motion in this case causes a time dilation. 

The important conclusion to be drawn from the foregoing discussion is that space and time coordinates are relativistically linked together in a way that compensates for apparent length contraction and time dilation... 

---