Thin Lenses

Their powers added together represent the lens maker s formula. Note that in Equation (2.13), n is assumed to be 1. 

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Fig. 8.8. Martensites are always coherent with the parent lattice. They grow os thin lenses on preferred planes and in preferred directions in order to cause the least distortion of the lattice. The crystallographic relationships shown here ore for pure iron.

They argue that the Hertzian load (Ph) is not signifieantly affected by the finite size effeets, therefore the JKR expression relating the load to the contact radius and adhesion energy (Eq. 11) should still be valid. Using a combined analytical and computational approach, Hui et al. [36] found that a correction given by Shull et al. for the eompression of such thin lenses was accurate for moderately large eontact radius... 

For two thin lenses with spherical segments (Fig. 2.18), the two effects are additive and yield... 

The optics of optical instruments can be calculated in good approximation by the lens equation , assuming thin lenses (Sec. 3.3.2) ... 

Fine gray sond,thin lenses ol brown and yellow Silt Fine light ion sand, venkol seoms yellow brown sill... 

The sand grades upward into an 11-foot-thick zone of fossiliferous, sandy limestone interbedded with thin lenses of unconsolidated quartz sand. This part of the sequence was deposited in a shallow marine environment (19). 

A few thin lenses of tight, gray, plastic clay also occur in the residuum beneath the study field. The clay is dense and contains small fragments of chert and silicified limestone. The maximum observed thickness of the clay lenses is 5 ft in the southeastern corner of the field. Although they are areally restricted, the clay lenses act as semiconfining zones. 

Uraniferous black shales are of marine origin and, in addition to colour, are characterized by high sapropelic organic content, abundant pyrite or marcasite in thin lenses, nodules or disseminated particles, and the paucity of calcium and magnesium carbonates. The shales also contain small quantities of such other metals as Mn, Ti, V, Cu, Cr, Mo, P and REE. Most of these metals are dispersed in the shale, but phosphate may also occur as nodules or phosphate-rich layers. ... 

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