Thermogravimetric analysis hydrates characterization

SSNMR spectroscopy. However, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, thermal microscopy, variable-temperature x-ray diffractometry (VTXRD), and DSC may also be used to identify polymorphs. Solvates may be similarly characterized by the techniques mentioned above. In addition, the stoichiometric number of the solvent molecules in the crystal lattice of solvates may be determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), gas chromatography, or, in the case of a hydrate, by Karl Fiseher titrimetry [37]. 

Characterize your sample by one or more of the following methods elemental analysis (P and/or W), UV-vis spectroscopy (2x 10 M in 0.1 M HCl), FTIR (KBr pellet or Nujol mull), MAS P NMR (single-pulse excitation, 8.0 ps pulse, recycle delay of 10 s, spin rate of 5 kHz, and 64 acquisitions), or thermogravimetric analysis to determine the number of waters of hydration (heat the sample at 10°C min from room temperature to 700°C under air or nitrogen atmosphere). 

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