Thermodynamics of living systems What is measureable

Historically, Lavoisier was the first who related respiration to combustion, a famous picture being his experiment of placing a bird under a glass bell. After a couple of minutes the bird died under the sorry eyes of the assistant, as a candle 

The aim of this contribution is to show the application of fundamentals of thermodynamics to biochemical engineering. The connection between different measurements is inspected at the reactor scale. The reader is referred to references [6,7] for a discussion of notations and terminology. 

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