Thermodynamics of Gibbs dividing interface and surface excess functions

5 Thermodynamics of Gibbs dividing interface and surface excess functions 

By combining with the fundamental thermodynamic equation for open systems (Equation 

Now we need a thermodynamic expression for the internal energy in the interfacial region dl/s. As we have already explained in Section 3.1.1, there are mainly two types of work function one is pressure-volume work, WPV, and the other is the non-pressure-volume work, Wnon.py comprising all other work types. The total work can be written as 

By combining Equation (197) with the First Law of Thermodynamics (Equation (100)) we obtain 

For a reversible system at equilibrium, dQrev = T dS, and then we may modify the fundamental equation for an open system as, 

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