Thermodynamic Properties of Matter

With the development of the two laws - and the publication of books such as Die Mechanische Wiirmetheorie by Clausius in 1876 - the field of thermodynamics was established. The rigorous analysis of the conversion of thermal energy to work, of the motive power of heat, that started with the pioneering work of Sadi Carnot, was achieved. 

Our discussion of the laws of thermodynamics in the 2nd and 3rd Chapters indicates that their application, combined with knowledge of thermophysical properties, provides for the evaluation of the feasibility of processes and, as we will see in the next Chapter, for the efficient energy utilization, i.e. the first objective of chemical engineering thermodynamics. 

The theoretical framework for the accomplishment of the second and third objectives, i.e. the evaluation of thermophysical properties and of phase and chemical reaction equilibria - based of course again on the laws of thermodynamics- was providedby J.W. Gibbs, who is thus considered the father of this filed. The application of this framework to the solution of actual problems, however, has involved - and continues to do so - several investigators. 

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Y. S. Touloulkian, R. K. Kirby, R. E. Taylor and D. P. Desai, Thermodynamical Properties of Matter, Plenum Press, New York, 1975 p. 77. The coefficient of thermal volume expansion is taken to be three times the coefficient of thermal linear expansion. 

EFFECTS OF ELECTRIC FIELDS ON THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF MATTER... 

Effects of Electric Fields on Thermodynamic Properties of Matter... 

Now, onto a study of the thermodynamic properties of matter exposed to electromagnetic fields We ease into this subject by way of a preliminary discussion. The material will be repeated and expanded upon in the next section for a more complete and yet more systematic exposition, please examine a review article. Obviously, you may proceed directly to the more orderly presentation in Section 5.8. 

Y.S. Touloukian, E.H. Buyco Thermodynamical Properties of Matter Vol.5, Specific Heat (Plenum, New York, Washington 1970)... 

We close with a brief account of the developments associated with the evaluation of the thermodynamic properties of matter, a field that was founded with the pioneering work of J.W. Gibbs. 

The overarching goal of classical statistical thermodynamics is to explain thermodynamic properties of matter in terms of atoms. Briefly, this is how ... 

It is noteworthy that a statistical mechanical calculation of absolute values of entropy or free energy is not required for determination of thermodynamic properties of matter. The functional dependence of the partition function on macroscopic properties, such as the total mass, volume, and temperature of the system, is sufficient to derive equations of state, internal energies, and heat capacities. For example, knowledge that the ideal gas partition function scales as is adequate to define and explain the ideal gas equation of state. 

The canonical ensemble average of any thermodynamic property of matter, M(p, q), is... 

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