Thermodynamic and Stochastic Theory for Non-Ideal Systems

The presentations in the prior chapters have been limited to ideal systems, either gases or solutions. We now extend the thermodynamic and stochastic theory to non-ideal systems. 

The formulation of the theory requires deterministic equations either of kinetics or transport for non-ideal systems. We shall illustrate the approach with the Bronsted theory of non-ideal reactants and products, which has been 

For a reaction aA - - hB it is assumed in the Bronsted theory [1] that the reaction proceeds through an activated complex 

The Bronsted theory is well confirmed by experiment [2]. For electrolytes at small concentrations the activity coefficients are given by the Debye-Huckel theory. For uncharged species acitivity coefficients may be estimated by regular solution theory. Our presentation, based on the Bronsted theory, is not limited to that theory. 

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