Thermal mass windows

Standard glazed windows have very low insulation ratings, generally no more than R-10. A thermal mass window system, however, functions as a solar enei collector by using the mass of a 7.5-centimeter thick layer of water sandwiched between inner and outer glass plates to capture passive solar heat. Such windows are able to maintain a temperature of between... 

Thermal mass windows can capture and store as much as 100,000 BTUs of thermal energ on a sunny winter day, which wiU hold a building s temperature between 60 degrees and 115 degrees Fahrenheit. 

A thermal mass window may hold 1,500 kilograms or more of water. 

Figure 14.1. Temperature-resolved intensities of precise masses in a high-resolution Py-FIMS measurement of wheat straw. The thermograms of palmitic acid (m/z 256.240) and a thermal fragment (m/z 256.108) of the lignin dimer C16Hi404 (m/z 270.089) are shown with a mass window of +30mmu.

Due to the extremely small thermal mass and excellent insulation of the device, a startup time of less than 5 s brought the reforming/combustion zone to 260 °C and the PrOx zone to 110 ° C. An individual PrOx reactor test showed less than 10 ppm CO within a temperature window of 110-140 °C. During integrated operation, with the CO exiting the steam reformer at ca. 1%, the CO level following the PrOx reactor was less than 50 ppm. 

Thermal Mass The thermal energy that can be stored within the material of a body such as the inner section of a Trombe wall or the interior of a water-filled thermal window. 

Trombe walls also use the principle of thermal mass. A Trombe wall consists of a thick solid wall of concrete or other dense material, open at the top and bottom to allow convective air circulation. A second outer wall of glass windows adjacent to the solid wall acts as the solar thermal collector. 

Fig. 1.3. Experimental setup for electrochemical thermal desorption mass spectroscopy (ECTDMS). C = electrochemical cell, W = working electrode, El = electrolyte inlet, EO = electrolyte outlet, EH = electrode holder, V = valve, TP = turbo pump, VC = vacuum chamber, L = light source, W = window, P = protective jacket, A = aperture to analysis chamber, GI = grid ion source, S = SEM detector.

Some constraints apply for the measurement of mass and thermal diffusion by TDFRS, which originate from excessive sample heating at high laser powers, the resulting onset of convection, and the need to avoid boundary effects at the cuvette windows when the grating constant becomes comparable to the sample thickness. The problem of optimization of the experimental boundary condi-... 

The thermal and mass-transport properties of the MOCVD precursor Bi(thd)3 were investigated by Bedoya and coworkers . The authors suggested a temperature window for efficient vaporization of 190-280 °C and determined decomposition of the precursor above 350 °C. 

In supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC), a supercritical fluid, usually carbon dioxide, is used. An SFC column resembles a GC column or a packed LC column. The operating temperature is lower than that in GC, which makes it more suitable for the analysis of thermally labile compounds. Another advantage is that water is not present and this is particularly valuable for the analysis of phosphatic antioxidants. In addition, high molecular mass antioxidants can be analyzed with SFC. SFC and FTIR have been used for the analysis of light stabilizers (UV absorbers) and antioxidants [43]. The eluted compounds were deposited on a KBr window after they had passed through a capillary restrictor. The hmit of detection was aroimd 100 ng. 

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