Thermal energy refrigeration

See also Carnot, Nicolas Leonard Sadi Climatic Effects Engines Matter and Energy Nuclear Energy Nuclear Fission Refrigerators and Freezers Thermal Energy. 

See also Electricity Energy Intensity Trends Heat and Heating Heat Transfer Magnetism and Magnets Molecular Energy Refrigerators and Freezers Thermal Energy. 

The method is to switch off the compressor after a short running period, and so stop the flow of thermal energy into the condenser, hut continue to run the condenser until it has reached amhient conditions. The refrigerant vapour pressure can then he determined from the coolant temperature, and any increase indicates nonrefrigerant gas in the system. 

Basic Refrigeration Methods Three basic methods of refrigeration (mentioned above) use similar processes for obtaining refrigeration effect evaporation in the evaporator, condensation in the condenser where heat is rejected to the environment, and expansion in a flow restrictor. The main difference is in the way compression is being done (Fig. 11-71) using mechanical work (in compressor), thermal energy (for absorption and desorption), or pressure difference (in ejector). 

The work W required to attain Tq = OK as derived in Sect. 2.2. is that required only to extract all of the internal thermal energy out of a system to be refrigerated via standard TSRR, thus cooling it to Tq = 0 K. But this unrealistically assumes that strictly zero external thermal energy flows into this system in the meantime. Thus we must consider not only the work W required to extract all of the internal thermal energy out of a system to be refrigerated, thus cooling it to T(- 0 K, i.e., to attain Tq = OK. We must also consider the power P = dW/dt... 

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