The Synthesis of Reactive Dyes

The syntheses of fluorotriazine, trichloropyrimidine and chlorodif-luoropyrimidine dyes are completely analogous, using respectively as starting materials cyanuric fluoride (203), 2,4,5,6-tetrachloropyrimidine (204) and 5-chloro-2,4,6-trifluoropyrimidine (205). 

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Virtually every conceivable chromophore has been used in the synthesis of reactive dyes, including monoazo and disazo species, metal complexes of azo dyes, formazan dyes, anthraquinones, triphenodioxazines, and phthalocyanines. The product lines offered by the major dye producers in most cases feature comparable chromophores, differing primarily in the nature of the reactive systems and the particular substitution patterns adopted. 

The chlorosulfonation of the CuPc system opens the door to the synthesis of reactive dyes, as shown in Fig. 13.137. In this case, aminochlorotriazine 56 reacts with a CuPc-S02Cl intermediate to give a mono-chlorotriazine reactive dye (57), which in turn can be used to make the cationic reactive dye 58. 

Shen X M, FT-IR andNIR FT-Raman On-line Measurement of the Synthesis of Reactive Dyes, PhD Thesis, University of Leeds, 1998. 

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