The Reduction of Nitrobenzoic Acid

The second cathodic peak (B), assigned to the further reduction of the hydroxyamine to p-aminobenzoic acid, is not considered in more detail here. 

On the third half-cycle of the CV experiment, the couple to C is observed, peak D. However the peak is smaller than peak C, particularly at slow scan rates. This result indicates a following chemical reaction which is thought to be the coupling of the nitrosobenzoate with the hydroxyamine. 

In this case 14 parameters have been obtained from a visual fit of the simulation to the data. It is important to note that different sections of the CV waveshape are sensitive to different parameters. For instance, the first cathodic peak (A) and its scan rate dependency is related to 7 parameters (the first two reductions and a following chemical reaction rate). The position and shape of peaks C and D are sensitive to the second two reduction potentials and heterogeneous parameters, while their relative size is determined by /Cchem-2- 

In general, the 7 parameters obtained from the single first peak are less credible and serve to allow a fit to be obtained. However, much more confidence can be placed in the individual parameters obtained from the second and third half-cycles of the CV. 

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A loss of substituent is found whenX=-Cl [120] or-OCH3 [121,122] and has also been reported to occur during the reduction of / -nitrobenzoic acid in strong sulfuric acid [123],... 

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