The Elastic and Dielectric Potential

We set o2 = + Aa where Aa is the decay of the stress if a particle move from 

With o2 - 0 we get Aet = Const o2 (leading to the formula of Ostwald de Waele). 

The next n flowing units (segments or molecules) will also change their elastic potential due to one single molecular displacement so that the total energy transfer is given by A ei = n A.i ei,. The shift r0 is related to n flowing units and with the law of Hooke we can write 

This elastic energy will be transformed into thermal energy, that is, we observe the stimulation of thermal vibrations. All flowing processes therefore constitute a transfer of elastic (or dielectric) energy into thermal energy. As we see in Fig. 13 between the direction of an external stress o and that of the possible motion of a flowing unit we have an angle p. The distance between the minimum and the saddle point will be r0. The distance related to the direction of the stress o is r0 cos tp. Therefore we external force from B to B will be F = o cos ip. 

This equation may be changed to Aei = or b/3, if the average distance between the possible conformations is b. 

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