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The different operational mechanisms for lithium batteries

The variety of nature, composition and structure of the compounds available as active materials causes a diversity of lithiation/de-lithiation electrochemical reactions. A classification can be established on the basis of the nature of the redox reaction that occurs in the active material to accommodate the lithium. This is what is done below. [Pg.122]

11 We can consider that the terms intercalation and its opposite, de-intercalation , apply only in the case of a crystalline network whose structure remains unchanged (presence of preferred sites within the crystalline network where the intercalated species is placed). Hence, these are very restrictive terms. [Pg.122]

The terms insertion and its opposite, extraction are also frequently found, but apply more generally to any reaction which leads to the introduction of one species into a host structure, whether or not there is a structural or chemical alteration (e.g. breaking of a covalent bond) to the host structure. Hence, the definition is broader than that of intercalation. [Pg.122]

The specific capacities of these t5 es of compounds are limited by the number of vacant sites in the host structure. The very slight variations in volume (5-10% alteration of the crystal lattice between the de-lithiated and fully lithiated states) mean that they exhibit very significant cycle lifetimes. [Pg.123]


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