The concept of macromixing and micromixing

Conventional tracer tests can reveal nothing of the extent of micromixing present in a chemical reactor. In theory, a choice of reacting tracers could be made which would enable the degree of segregation to be determined but, in practical situations, the complexities of such techniques 

Consider a unimolecular second-order reaction occurring in a CSTR. Initial concentration of A is CA  

Equation (41) involves the exponential integral which can be evaluated numerically or else is available as a standard tabulated function (see, for instance, ref. 33). Therefore 

In this situation, segregated flow achieves higher conversion of reactant A at all values of the dimensionless rate group, confirming the trend of data shown in Fig. 10. 

Hofmann [34] has performed more extensive calculations, setting the bounds on possible reactant conversion for various numbers of CSTRs in series. For the particular case of a second-order reaction with = 10, 

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