Tetrasaccharide fraction

When bovine-comeal, peptido-keratan sulfate was degraded chemically, a tetrasaccharide fraction was obtained, and the sequence in this was determined from the hydrolytic pattern with E. coli jS-D-galactosidase, Canavalia ensiformis a-D-mannosidase (EC 3.2.1.24), human-placental / -D-mannosidase, and bovine-kidney a-L-fucosidase. 72... 

Degradation of oat and barley glucans with Streptomyces cellulase, which produces mainly cellobiose and cellotriose from cellulose, resulted in production of a trisaccharide fraction and a tetrasaccharide fraction as the major products. These were isolated by preparative paper-chromatography, and the trisaccharide was found to preponderate ... 

While the size requirement for SMC antiproliferative activity had been investigated for heparin (cf. Sect. 2.2), a similar study on fractions of highly active heparan sulfate has not been carried out. After the discovery of active sulfated tetrasaccharides it seemed possible that relatively small heparan sulfate substructures with the antiproliferative activity of heparin could be identified. Model heparan sulfate oligosaccharides were devised in which the W-sulfate groups were replaced by 0-sulfates and the glucuronic acids were replaced by glucoses, form y carboxyl-reduced and sulfated glucuronic acids - in parallel to CRS-heparin (see above). With this approach Ae heparan sulfate backbone... 

Little work has been published concerning the isolation of oligosaccharides following graded, acidic hydrolysis of heparin. Wolfrom and co-workers have studied the partial, acid hydrolysis of a carefully purified heparin. (Purification was effected through the benzidine salt and the neutral barium salt was fractionally precipitated from water. The less-soluble fraction, after conversion to the barium acid salt, had a N S ratio of 2 5 and 5 sulfate groups per tetrasaccharide period, consumed 1 mole of periodate per tetrasaccharide period, and was shown to be homogeneous by electrophoresis and by countercurrent distribution. The molecular... 

H- H constants to give fractional populations of amino acid side-chain rotamers. Another molecule which distorts upon binding to an enzyme is the tetrasaccharide (NAG-NAM)2 which binds to lysozyme [105]. Since the cleavage reaction is relatively rapid, spectra have to be taken quickly and changes in coupling constant are followed for several minutes. 

The low-activity fraction contained only 8.5% of this tetrasaccharide (4). Therefore, correlations between the chemical and physical structure and the anticoagulant activity must exist. 

---