Tension parallel to the grain

Tension Parallel to the Grain. A tension parallel to the grain (T j) stress is a force trying to elongate the wood cells, or straws in... 

Timber Structures, Fig. 3 Strength in tunb - in c[Pg.3744]

Fig. 4. The immediate effect of temperature on the modulus of elasticity of clear wood, relative to the value at 20°C. The plot is a composite of studies on the modulus as measured in hen ding, in tension parallel to grain, and in compression parallel to grain. VariabiUty in reported results is illustrated by the...

In both of these processes, atom diffusion is away from boundaries under compression towards boundaries under tension, leading to relief of the stress at the grain boundaries generated by the load on the sample. This causes the grains to elongate along the direction of the stress. [Note that diagrams often show the flow of vacancies rather than the flow of atoms. Vacancy flow is opposite to atom flow, and is from boundaries more or less parallel to the compressive stress to boundaries more or less perpendicular to the compressive stress.]... 

Laminate, parallel, n—A laminate in which the grain of all layers of material are oriented approximately parallel to each other. A laminate in which all the layers of material are oriented approximately parallel with respect to the grain or strongest direction in tension. 

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