Temperature-concentration diagram for

Fig. 38. Temperature concentration diagram for polymer solutions [102,103]. x = (T — )/0 ( -temperature, c monomer concentration (see Table 5)...

Fig. 4.19 Temperature-concentration diagram for a binary mixture as well as the temperature and concentration profiles in the vapour and the condensate. Indices 0 cold wall, I interface, G core flow of vapour (G Gas), a boiling and dew point lines b condensate and vapour boundary layer c temperature profile d concentration profile...

Fig. 117. Temperature-concentration diagram for the system HDPEl-diphenyl ether, as derived from DSC and optical cloud point measurements (V) onset of crystallisation (A) end of melting en-dotherm (O) optical doud point. Reproduced from Makromol Chem [Ref. 328] by the courtesy of the authors and of Huthig We Verlag PuWshers, Zug, Switzerland...

The work of Daoud and Jarmink [DJ76] on the temperature-concentration diagram proceeds by translating results established in the theory of phase transitions to the polymer problem. They also consider the region T < S. For T > 0 their work is equivalent to the argument as given here and discusses an extensive set of physical observables. 

Fig. 36. Crystallization temperature/solvent concentration diagram for the system SEO.4/ diethyl phthalate265). This diagram displays four domains in which the folding parameter v remains constant and, respectively, equal to 8, 7,6 and 5...

The solids, at any rate the polymerised forms, are regarded as solid solutions of Pa and P/3 in varying proportions. Temperature-concentration diagrams similar to those representing a two-eomponent system have been constructed for these pseudo-components. 

Before energy balances can be used in the analysis or design of multicomponent flow processes, we must have data or correlations for mixture enthalpies as functions of composition. Such correlations can be developed from models for volumetric equations of state or from models for g in the latter case, we would need a form for the temperature-dependence of the parameters in the g model. In this section we discuss how an equation of state can be used to compute an enthalpy-concentration diagram for a two-phase equilibrium situation such diagrams contribute to the analysis or design of distillation columns. 

The temperature-concentration diagram in Figure 9.27 illustrates the mixing of a saturated solution A and unsaturated solution B to give a mixture with a composition and temperature represented by a point somewhere along line AB, determined by the mixture rule (section 4.4). A supersaturated mixture will be produced if the relative flowrates result in the mixture point lying in the sector below the solubility curve. For example, if A and B are mixed at equal mass flowrates, a supersaturated mixture Mi would be produced (distance AMi = BMi). For the mixture to enter the unsaturated zone, the B A ratio would have to exceed about 7 2 in the case illustrated. The unsaturated mixture M2, for example, is the result of an 8 1 B A ratio (AM2 = 8BM2). 

Two liquid phases always occur in the case of strong positive deviation from Raoult s law. The LLE behavior as a function of temperature only depends on the temperature dependence of the activity coefficients. The possible temperature dependencies for binary systems at constant pressure are shown in Figure 5.67 in the form of the temperature-concentration-diagrams, the scxalled binodal curves. 

Enthalpy-concentration data. An enthalpy-concentration diagram for a binary vapor-liquid mixture of A and B takes into account latent heats, heats of solution or mixing, and sensible heats of the components of the mixture. The following data are needed to construct such a diagram at a constant pressure (1) heat capacity of the liquid as a function of temperature, composition, and pressure (2) heat of solution as a function of temperature and composition (3) latent heats of vaporization as a function of composition and pressure or temperature and (4) boiling point as a function of pressure, composition, and temperature. 

Figure 9.1 Typical arrangements for the cooling and evaporative crystallizations and path of the crystallization in the temperature-concentration diagram.

The liquidus and solidus Hnes are defined from the phase diagram. The Hquidus curve is in a temperature-concentration diagram, the Hne connecting the temperatures at which fusion is just completed for various compositions [83]. Similarly, the solidus curve is the curve representing the equiHbrium between the solid phase and the liquid phase in a condensed system of two components. The points on the solidus curve are obtained by plotting the temperature at which the last of the liquid phase solidifies against the composition, usually in terms of the percentage composition of one of the two components [83]. 

Liquidus is the solubility curve for liquid particle. So in our Interpretation, the Hquidus curve is in a temperature-concentration diagram, the line connecting the temperatures at which freezing is just started for various compositions of a starting Hquid phase. ... 

Temperature concentration profiles for a quench converter and an intercooled converter. Inlet temperature 200°C, exit temperature 240°C. (Diagram courtesy of ICl.)... 

A complete classification of smectic phases by texture is not always possible. It can happen that similar textures are observed with two liquid crystalline states separated by a phase transition.If so, an extremely useful and powerful tool for assessing the type of mesophase is the determination of the isobaric temperature-concentration diagrams of binary mixtures. According to Sackmann and Demus isomorphous liquid crystals are considered as equivalent and characterized by the same symbol. While uninterrupted miscibility establishes isomorphism, the converse is not necessarily true. Temperature-composition phase diagrams for liquid crystalline mixtures can be generated from thermal data or, because of the various optical features characteristic of each mesophase structure, from observations of microscopic textures of the mesophases between crossed polarizers. The latter method (also called the contact method allows great rapidity in the assessment of the phase diagram. 

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