Technique, electrochemical thermoelectric

At the end of the discussion of electrochemical measurement techniques, let us, however, briefly mention that there are other techniques that are not exclusively electrochemical in nature but related to the above methods such as thermoelectric measurements and Hall-effect measurements. Both techniques are extremely helpful in combination with conductivity experiments as they then allow the splitting of the conductivities into carrier concentration and mobilities. The first method relies on the emf formed as a sheer consequence of temperature differences (crosseffects in the thermal and chemical flux-force relations), while the second technique refers to concentration changes upon application of magnetic fields. Both techniques are particularly worked out for electronic carriers but are more tricky and much less straightforward for ionic carriers. For more details the reader is referred to Ref.16 301 302... 

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