Interactions ligand-target

In the realm of drug discovery, the detection and characterization of target-ligand interactions is a critical process for lead identification, validation, and optimization. 

Acknowledgments Several review articles cover in much greater details numerous NMR applications that have been reported in the past years on the use of NMR spectroscopy in the drug discovery process and to monitor target-ligand interactions. The author apologizes if he was unable to mention properly all this work within the limited space of this article. 

Studying target-ligand interactions analyzing the ligand by MS... 

Radioligand binding assays are a relatively simple but at the same time a very important and efficient tool to study target-ligand interactions. Since they are very videly used in drug discovery and have been described extensively, this section only discusses their fundamental aspects and those aspects that are important for the description of the MS binding assays below . More detailed information can be found in the relevant literature [6, 7, 16-21]. 

Other fluorescence-based methods to investigate target-ligand interactions use fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) or fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) [8, 12, 46]. 

A wide range of mobile phase additives can be used in non-specific elution. In this elution nature of the target-ligand interaction is changed. This can be achieved by several ways such... 

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