Synthesis of new solvents

Lewandowski, A. Swiderska-Mocek, Ionic liquids as electrolytes for Li-ion batteries - An overview of electrochemical studies , J. Power Sources 194,60-609,2009. 

Introduction of redox shuttle molecules to prevent over-charging 

T)iphenylamine A safety electrolyte additive for reversible overcharge protection of 3.6 V-class lithium ion batteries , J. of Power Sources, 184, 553-556,2008. 

Zakeeruddin, 1. Exnar, ML Graetzel, A new strategy of molecular overcharge protection shuttles for lithium ion batteries . Electrochemistry Communications, 10,651-654,2008. 

For this purpose, redox shuttle molecules need to exhibit the following specific properties  

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