Synthesis of 3-Aminothiophenes

There are numerous applications of the Thorpe-Ziegler reaction for the synthesis of thiophenes and annulated thiophenes. Only selected examples can be covered here. For more examples see reviews (85MI1 86MI1 92MI1). 

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The cyclization with a,p-unsaturated nitriles has proven effective for the synthesis of 3-aminothiophene 14, a key intermediate for the synthesis of p38 kinase inhibitors."... 

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