Synovial fluid metallic concentrations

High concentrations of metals were found in capsule and fibrous membranes of loose titanium and Co-Cr stems of total hip prostheses (Dorr et ai, 1990). The same work reports elevated metal ion concentrations in synovial fluid and blood whenever cemented and uncemented stems are loose, but no increase when they are fixed. The average values are given in Table 9.6. The standard deviations (not shown) were often very large, of the order of magnitude of the averages. 

Table 9.10 Metal concentrations (ng/g) in synovial fluid, serum and urine. Median (range) (Karrholm et ai, 1994)...

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